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Vitamin D and Stem Cells (study to be released)

Department Of Defense Prostate Cancer Research Program Unveils Ten Years Of Research Accomplishments, USA

Main Category: Prostate / Prostate Cancer News
Article Date: 05 Sep 2007 - 17:00 PDT

Data to be presented this week at the Innovative Minds in Prostate Cancer Today (IMPaCT) 2007 meeting will focus on research funded by the U.S. Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research Program (PCRP). The inaugural meeting, scheduled for September 5-8, at the Hyatt Regency Atlanta in Atlanta, GA., marks the 10-year anniversary of the PCRP and presents a unique opportunity to explore the federally-funded program's successes in engaging, high-impact research.

Among the innovative studies being presented, new research will be unveiled on two topics of high interest in the cancer community: vitamin D and stem cells. The meeting features nearly 50 educational and plenary sessions discussing many engaging research topics such as health disparities among ethnicities and social classes, treatment and mortality trends, obesity and diet and lifestyle choices.

"As the second leading source of prostate cancer research funding in the U.S., the PCRP is dedicated to funding traditional research projects as well as high-risk and high-gain research of new, exciting ideas," said CAPT Melissa Kaime, Deputy Director of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (CDMRP) which manages the PCRP. "CDMRP has distributed $810 million and more than 1,500 individual grants aimed at detecting and treating prostate cancer and improving the quality of life for more than 200,000 men afflicted with the disease each year."

Results from the vitamin D and stem cell studies will be presented within the context of the following abstracts:

A Prospective Study of Plasma Vitamin D Metabolites, Vitamin D Receptor
Polymorphisms, and Prostate Cancer - Haojie Li, M.D., Ph.D., Brigham and Women's Hospital

Vitamin D insufficiency is a common public health problem in the U.S. When vitamin D interacts with the vitamin D receptor, it interferes with cell proliferation, inducing differentiation and cell death. Previous epidemiological studies have never truly evaluated the inconsistent association between circulating vitamin D levels and genetic variations in vitamin D receptors. This prospectively designed study examines the association of plasma levels of vitamin D, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk. The findings suggest that various forms of vitamin D may play an important role in preventing prostate cancer progression and that certain men with lower levels of a form of vitamin D are more susceptible to prostate cancer.

This abstract will be presented at a session titled "Epidemiology and Biomarkers" on Thursday, September 6 at 5:15 p.m.

Stem Cells From Human Prostate Cancers: Isolation, Propagation and Phenotypic
Analysis - Norman J. Maitland, Ph.D., The University of York

According to the cancer stem cell theory, common stem cells generate progenitors with the ability to recapitulate the normal differentiation program within the gland. This causes prostate tumors to be made up of heterogeneous cells. Some are rapidly-dividing progenitors, which can be killed by current chemotherapies. Others are putative stem cells which are slower-growing, phenotypically different and may not be affected by current chemotherapies. Unless treatments can be developed to target these stem cells, chemotherapy against prostate cancer will offer only short-term palliative effects.

In this study, surface markers were used to successfully identify, isolate and breed epithelial stem cells in prostate tumors. Studying the gene expression signatures of these stem cells more in depth will unveil a new rich source of biomarkers for this population, thereby allowing future treatments to specifically target prostate cancer stem cells. Ultimately, if the cancer stem cell hypothesis is proven, prostate cancer stem cell elimination, in combination with conventional therapies to remove the bulk of the non- stem tumor cells, will result in curative rather than palliative therapies.

This abstract will be presented at a session titled "Stem Cells" on Thursday, September 6 at 11:15 a.m. The Identification and Properties of Prostatic Stem Cells - E. Lynette Wilson, PhD., New York University School of Medicine

The identification of stem cells is highly relevant for understanding the origin of prostate cancer. Stem cells are not randomly scattered throughout the prostate but are clustered in a specific region of the_ gland. This study indicates that stem cells can be isolated by their high expression of the Sca-1 surface antigen. Moreover, these cells are found to produce significantly more active TGF- betaČ than distal cells, which helps maintain their order. Further understanding of stem cells may enable the development of rational therapies that specifically target the cancer stem cell population as well as the development of prognostic tests for prostate cancer.

This abstract will be presented at a session titled "Stem Cells" on Thursday, September 6 at 11:15 a.m.
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/80571.php
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